Orhan Gazi, The Second Ottoman Sultan

The immediate successor of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire, was his son Orhan Gazi. Orhan became the second Ottoman Sultan and ruled from 1326 until his death in 1362.

During his reign, Orhan continued the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, consolidating control over much of Anatolia and pushing into the Balkans. He is credited with laying the foundations of the Ottoman state, establishing administrative and legal systems that would shape the empire for centuries to come.

One of Orhan's most significant achievements was the capture of the city of Bursa in 1326, which became the first Ottoman capital. He oversaw the construction of many important buildings and structures in the city, including the Green Mosque and Tomb, which are still standing today and are considered masterpieces of Ottoman architecture.

Under Orhan's rule, the Ottoman Empire continued to grow in power and influence. He expanded the Ottoman army, which became known for its formidable Janissary infantry units, and established strong alliances with neighboring states.

Orhan was also known for his piety and patronage of religious institutions. He supported the construction of many mosques and madrasas, and was particularly devoted to the Mevlevi Sufi order.

Orhan died in 1362 and was succeeded by his son Murad I, who continued the expansion of the Ottoman Empire and established the Ottomans as a major power in the region.

سلطنت عثمانیہ کے بانی عثمان اول کا جانشین ان کا بیٹا اورحان غازی تھا۔  اورحان دوسرا عثمانی سلطان بن گیا اور 1326 سے لے کر 1362 میں اپنی موت تک حکومت کرتا رہا۔

 اپنے دور حکومت کے دوران، اورہان نے سلطنت عثمانیہ کی توسیع کو جاری رکھا، اناطولیہ کے زیادہ تر حصے پر کنٹرول مضبوط کیا اور بلقان میں داخل ہو گیا۔ اسے عثمانی ریاست کی بنیادیں رکھنے، انتظامی اور قانونی نظام قائم کرنے کا سہرا دیا جاتا ہے جو آنے والی صدیوں تک سلطنت کو تشکیل دے گا۔

 اورہان کی سب سے اہم کامیابیوں میں سے ایک 1326 میں برسا شہر پر قبضہ تھا، جو عثمانی سلطنت کا پہلا دارالحکومت بنا۔  اس نے شہر میں کئی اہم عمارتوں اور ڈھانچے کی تعمیر کی نگرانی کی، بشمول سبز مسجد اور مقبرہ، جو آج بھی کھڑی ہیں اور عثمانی فن تعمیر کا شاہکار تصور کی جاتی ہیں۔

 اورہان کی حکمرانی کے تحت، سلطنت عثمانیہ طاقت اور اثر و رسوخ میں مسلسل ترقی کرتی رہی۔  اس نے عثمانی فوج کو وسعت دی، جو کہ ینی چریکے طاقتور یونٹوں کے لیے مشہور ہوئی، اور پڑوسی ریاستوں کے ساتھ مضبوط اتحاد قائم کیا۔

 اورحان اپنے تقویٰ اور مذہبی اداروں کی سرپرستی کے لیے بھی جانا جاتا تھا۔  اس نے بہت سی مساجد اور مدارس کی تعمیر کی حمایت کی، اور خاص طور پر مولانا صوفی سلسلہ کے لیے وقف تھا۔

 اورحان کا انتقال 1362 میں ہوا اور اس کا جانشین اس کا بیٹا مراد اول بنا، جس نے سلطنت عثمانیہ کی توسیع کو جاری رکھا اور عثمانیوں کو خطے میں ایک بڑی طاقت کے طور پر قائم کیا۔

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